indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
Buddha; Shakyamuni; Buddhist image; figure of Buddha; the dead; dead person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
open air bath; rotenburo; rotemburo
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
person in charge; senior staff; manager; chief; head
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
by myself; in person; by oneself
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(police) detective; criminal matter
don't worry about it; forget about it
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
prevention of crime; security (device, camera, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
victim; injured party; sufferer