indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to court; to woo; to approach defiantly
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to put an end to something; to get something over with; to quit something one has been engaged in too long or to an excessive degree
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all over; given in; given up hope; bring to knees
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
cooperation; collaboration
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
reward; compensation; collateral; security; turning to look behind
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
so; like this; in this way
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
preference; priority; precedence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others