indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
solitary island; isolated island
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
system where all students live in dormitories; residential system; boarding system (e.g. boarding school)
senior high school; high school
discomfort; inconvenience; poverty; want; inability; disability
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to gather; to collect; to assemble
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
escape; flight; breakout; fleeing; desertion
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till