indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
perfectly matching; totally agreeing; concurring; sticking to
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; full provision
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Ichihara Etsuko (1936.1-)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
memories; recollections; reminiscence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
performer; actor; actress; cast
staff; staff member; stuffing (in Western cuisine); filling; stuff; materials
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to say; to tell; to state; to do
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
(powers of) concentration; ability to concentrate
always; constantly; at all times; habitually
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
blue; azure; green; pale (facial color); gray; unripe
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
within the jurisdiction (of); one's jurisdiction; in a pipe
district; area; zone; quarter; section; region
resident of Tokyo; citizen of Tokyo; Tokyoite
residence; housing; residential building
construction; establishment