China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to pinch and crush; to pinch out
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to complain; to sue (a person)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
two times; twice; two degrees
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
family; members of a family
(together) with; -wide; including
association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
trial; judgement; judgment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
fletcher; arrow maker; fletching; arrow-making
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
remainder of one's life; one's remaining days; time left (to live)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fuss over; to be particular about; to be obsessive about; to be fixated on; to obstruct; to hinder
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway