indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
suffix for familiar person
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
commerce; trade; business
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
book; volume; this; present; main; head
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
section manager; section chief
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
Dutchman's pipe cactus (Epiphyllum oxypetalum); night-blooming cereus; queen of the night
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
district; section; sector
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on