if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
honorific/polite/humble prefix
tray; family; household; O-Bon; Bon Festival; gambler's den
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
non-leap year; normal year (esp. as pertains to weather patterns, vegetative growth, harvest yields, etc.)
to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
weather (meteorology) information
disk; disc; tray; shallow bowl; grid; board (e.g. in shogi)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
(head priest of) temple formerly led by founder of sect; temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family; (head priest of) Honganji (temple in Kyoto)
Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
front; frontage; facade; main