ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
now; the present time; just now; another; more
domestic help; domestic helper; domestic servant; maid
training for homemaking; training in homemaking arts; domestic training
just kidding; not!; ersatz; imitation; phony
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
bad feeling; feeling bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; revolting; gross
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
man; male; masculine gender
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
politician (esp. one who works only for their own personal gain)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)