bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
vacuum cleaner; vacuum; hoover
sound of operation; operation noise; running noise
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
not at all; don't worry about it; forget about it
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
to lose one's way; to get lost
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
mountain road; mountain trail
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn away; to bear off; to veer away; to deviate (e.g. of a conversation); to digress; to go astray
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pension (Western-style boardinghouse)
in that way; thus; so; so?