indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
unwillingly; grudgingly; shaking head in refusal (like a child); no!; no no!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
discharge; outward flow; efflux; leak of (private) information or pictures
other people's affairs; somebody else's problem
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to keep a watchful eye on
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
energy; vigour; vigor; liveliness; spirit; life
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to bud; to sprout; to germinate; to have luck on one's side; to get lucky
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix