indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
in that way; thus; so; so?
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
precious; valuable; priceless; noble; exalted; sacred
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
therefore; thus; well, then ...; that's right; indeed; (arch.) ... on earth?
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
two persons; two people; pair; couple
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
how; in what way; how about
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
presence of other people; (in) public; (in) front of others