cooking class; cookery school
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
woman; female; feminine gender
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
helper; supporter; second; foreign player (hired to strengthen a team)
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
to give someone a surprise; to catch off guard and fluster; to frustrate (e.g. someone's plans); to give someone a blow; to scare the hell out of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
professor; teaching; instruction
evil influence; (evil) clutches; tentacles of evil
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
desperate situation with no escape; being driven into a corner; being cornered; last extremity
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
two persons; two people; pair; couple
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
please (give me); please (do for me)
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)