year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
article; news story; report; account
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fabrication; forgery; falsehood; hoax
black curtain; wirepuller; mastermind; backroom manipulator
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Fukushima (city, prefecture)
distinguished service; meritorious service
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
to trap (into a difficult situation); to put (in a fix); to capture (a castle, fortress, etc.); to take; to drop (something) into
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to knock down; to knock off
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
people; men and women; each person; everybody
common reed (Phragmites australis)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
adds force or indicates command