indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to trap (into a difficult situation); to put (in a fix); to capture (a castle, fortress, etc.); to take; to drop (something) into
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to knock down; to knock off
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
x (mark); cross; MDMA; ecstasy; molly
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
I see; that's right; indeed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
condominium (usu. mid or high-rise); apartment building; apartment house; block of flats; apartment; flat
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
going in and out; entering and exiting; visiting regularly; frequenting; income and expenditure; incomings and outgoings; increase and decrease
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
world; society; people; the public
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
middle-aged woman who looks very young for her age (as through "magic")
celeb; celebrity; wealthy person; rich person; affluent; wealthy
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
shopping; purchased goods
so; like this; in this way