indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
woman; female; feminine gender
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
man; male; masculine gender
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
please (give me); please (do for me)
article; news story; report; account
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
company president; manager; director
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed