indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
manager (e.g. of a business, an idol, etc.); in a sports team (esp. at school) someone who does the routine drudge work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
trading sexual favours (for career advancement, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
company president; manager; director
(TV or radio) entertainer; television personality; talent; skill; talent (ancient unit of weight and currency)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine