by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
question; inquiry; enquiry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
please (give me); please (do for me)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
orthopedics; plastic surgery; cosmetic surgery; smoothing (bursty traffic, etc.); shaping; fairing
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
to play dumb; to feign ignorance; to play the fool; to be in one's dotage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason