(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
father; dad; husband; you; he
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together; both
handshake; reconciliation; joining hands; cooperation
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
settlement; solution; resolution
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
in that way; thus; so; so?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
river; stream; River; the ... river
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
last week; the week before
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
pupil; student; schoolchild
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
problematical statement; controversial statement
because of; owing to; due to
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity