if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
all; entire; whole; altogether
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?