indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
adultery; immorality; impropriety; (an) affair
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to take good care of; to treasure; to value; to hold dear; to prize; to cherish
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
time; hour; period; class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
by all means; no matter what; at any rate
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...