indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
originator; ringleader; perpetrator; main culprit; person responsible
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
within; inside of; less than
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
dropout; quitter; deserter
please (give me); please (do for me)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
preeminence; supremacy; distinction; excellence
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station