papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
female high-school student
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
office worker; company employee; company man; salaryman (stereotypical Japanese office worker)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to be unusual (of a person or of a thing); to be uncommon; to be peculiar; to be crazy; to be eccentric; to be different
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in celebration or in honor of something); drinking one's glass dry
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
so; like this; in this way
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
company president; manager; director
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Ginza (shopping district in Tokyo); (Edo period) silver mint
smartly dressed; stylish; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable
to be treated to a meal; to be given a meal
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last