truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be broken; to break; to break (down); to stop working; to fall through (of a plan, deal, etc.); to collapse
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice; tap; click (e.g. of a retractable pen or mechanical pencil)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go back to the start; to reset; to restore; to return to the point (of a discussion); to return something (that has been moved) to previous place; to reconstitute
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for buildings (esp. houses); suffix for a pen name, stage name, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
to turn; to rotate; to go around; to circle; to make the rounds (of); to go around (several places); to go by way of
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to get better; to get well; to recover (from an illness); to be cured; to be restored; to heal
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
first of all; at once; for now; for the time being; anyway; at least
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit