the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to fight against; to oppose; to face
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
waitress (in a ryokan or traditional restaurant); hostess
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to groan; to moan; to roar; to howl; to hum (engine, wind, etc.); to buzz; to ooh and aah (in admiration)
inviting another to one's home, office, etc.; (lit.) the trouble of coming (going)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to change; to alter; to reform; to correct; to examine; to check
to say; to be called; to do
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
directly; in person; firsthand
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker