indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it's been a long time; long time no see
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be dying; to be about to die; to be close to death
prey; catch; kill; spoils; trophy; loot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sniff out; to get wind of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
root and branch; thoroughly; by the roots; completely; all
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to beat down prices; to strike a hard bargain
politics; government; peace; (arch.) medical treatment; (arch.) cure
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
to betray; to turn traitor to; to double-cross
father; dad; husband; you; he