indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
company; friendship; association; society; acquaintance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
concerning the result (as opposed to the means used to achieve this result or the original goal)
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to say goodbye; to bid farewell
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
to leave a bad impression behind
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
useless; no future in it; doesn't make sense; having no point
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
woman; female; feminine gender
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)