indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(police) detective; criminal matter
testimony; (verbal) evidence
based on; on the basis of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
second offense; second offence; reoffending; recidivism
rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
minority (i.e. being under age); minor; underage person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.); coverage
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
series; chain; two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper); verse; stanza
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
police; police officer; police station; self-appointed enforcer (of a rule, standard, etc.); busybody
terrible; terrifying; dreadful; astonishing; astounding; staggering
true state; actual condition; reality
to be connected (to); to be joined together; to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through; to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result); to be lined up (e.g. of cars)
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
band of robbers; gang of thieves
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
bank; banking institution
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
yen (currency of Japan); circle
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
robbery; pillage; seizure; hijacking; plunder; extortion
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
main castle; stronghold; inner citadel; this castle
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient