pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
unmistakable; evident; obvious; certain; beyond doubt
fact; truth; reality; in fact; actually
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
pupil; student; schoolchild
at that time; in those days
speaker; lecturer; lecturer (at a university or college); instructor; part-time teacher; tutor (at a cram school)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (someone) for advice
to call; to name; to call oneself ...; to go by the name of ...; to purport (to be); to profess
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to recall; to remember; to recollect
First Investigation Division (of the Japanese police); division responsible for investigating homicide, robbery, kidnapping, arson, and sexual assault
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
one night; all night; overnight; one evening
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly