counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum); Japanese Judas tree
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
welcome!; nice to see you!
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thunder; thunderclap; crash of thunder
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
new moon; first day of the lunar month; (in ancient China) next year's calendar and decrees (distributed by the Emperor at year's end)
washing; cleansing; cleaning; cleansing (one's mind and body)
sewing together; stitching up (a wound); suture
adds force or indicates command
temperature; body temperature (human, animal)
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
please (give me); please (do for me)
gotcha; alrighty; got it; OK
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
inflammation of a muscle; myositis
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
Tsukushi (provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo in northern Kyushu)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do