indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to gather (attract, receive) attention; to have a high profile; to gain prominence; to become popular
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
loveable; very likeable; like very much
charge; duty; person in charge; connection; linking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
temptation; allurement; lure; enticement; seduction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
reason; cause; circumstances
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
dangerous; in danger; facing imminent danger; precarious (situation); perilous (state, balance, etc.); in doubt
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
than; from; out of; except; but; more
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
rather; better; instead; if anything
breeding; raising; rearing
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do