don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
popular; folksy; plebeian; ordinary; unpretentious
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in conflict; incompatible; out of harmony; running counter; mutually exclusive; clashing with
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
distance; interval; gap; difference; estrangement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
porcelain bowl; donburi; bowl of meat, fish, etc. served over rice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
rumbling stomach; noise from gas moving inside the digestive tract; borborygmus; rugitus
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
man; male; masculine gender
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to lay the blame on; to put the fault on
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do