indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to