if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; causal relationship; nexus
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
condition; state (of health); appearance
observation; survey; watching
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to call out to; to hail; to address; to appeal
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
novel coronavirus (esp. SARS-CoV-2)
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
woman; female; feminine gender
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
unexpected; unforeseen; strange
incident; affair; happening; event
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
oops; that's enough (when pouring up alcohol, etc.)
thief; burglar; robber; theft; burglary; robbery
pink; erotic (usually used in relation to the sex industry); blue; pornographic
muffler; scarf; comforter; muffler (for a vehicle exhaust); silencer