indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure; organization
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
beginning; opening; start; outset
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rotation; revolution; working (e.g. of one's mind); function; turnover (of goods, funds, etc.); circulation
jump; jumping event (skiing, track and field); jumping (to another page after clicking a hyperlink); jump (in price); sudden rise
icing (on an aircraft, ship, etc.); ice accretion; landing (a jump in ice skating)
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
subtracting points; deducting points; points deducted
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
continuation; succession; series; continuous
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
sorry; excuse me; thank you
change of job; change of occupation; career change
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to dance (orig. a hopping dance); to be manipulated; to dance to someone's tune
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
movie; film; motion picture
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
innocent; childlike; guileless; free of malice; thoughtless; simple-minded