indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
udon; thick Japanese wheat noodles
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
in that way; thus; so; so?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
rehabilitation; remaking one's life; rebirth; regeneration; coming back to life; revival
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)