mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); urine; piss; elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name)
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
every year; yearly; annually
established practice; custom
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
life; living; I; me; student
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
party (esp. for children or the elderly); funfest
to gather; to collect; to assemble
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
offender; criminal; culprit
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
arrest; apprehension; capture
police officer; policeman; constable
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
bottom; sole; depths (e.g. of despair, the sea); bottom (of one's heart); limit; end