at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest; to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bakery; baker; pastry shop
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
Aki (former province located in the west of present-day Hiroshima Prefecture)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to come of age; to become an adult; to become fully qualified; to stand on one's own
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial