indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
woman; female; feminine gender
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
corner; nook; shade; shadow; dark circles (under the eyes); dark rings
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
exactly as stated; verbatim
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)