at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
bye-bye; good-bye; see you; saying goodbye; parting
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
woman; female; feminine gender
police officer; policeman; constable
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
different person; another person; someone else; changed man
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
chief (of police); head (of office)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
illegal resident (in a country); illegal alien; illegal overstayer (person who has overstayed their visa)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rooting up (weeds, etc.); eradication; rooting out; stamping out
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sting operation; undercover investigation
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic