indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
(social) position; status
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
suffix for familiar person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in that way; thus; so; so?
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
actor; actress; player; performer
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen