which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
older sister; lass; young lady
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
by myself; in person; by oneself
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
after all; because; but; even; too; as well