why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
many times over; often; repeatedly; time after time
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
reason; principle; general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); the underlying principles of the cosmos (in neo-Confucianism)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
first warbling heard in a New Year
(dead) body; corpse; remains
to be found; to be discovered
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the real criminal; true culprit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
listening device; bug; wiretap
voice; speech; phone (as opposed to a phoneme); speech sound; audio; sound (as opposed to the picture)
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
with a bang; with a crash; with a bump; suddenly (fall); sharply
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
what kind of; what sort of; what
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch