indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to run away; to flee; to make off; to start to run away
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
patrolling; one's rounds; inspection tour; watchman; patrolman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't you think?; indicates question
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading