indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
originally; from the start; from the beginning; none the worse (for); (coming out) even; in the same position (as before)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
home; household; family; hearth
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
running away from home; elopement; (arch.) outing; (arch.) going out; (arch.) becoming a Buddhist monk; (arch.) entering the priesthood
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
(not) well; (not) properly; (not) enough; (not) sufficiently; (not) satisfactorily; (not) decently
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to give permission to marry
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
then; well; so; well then
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)