indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stop up; to close up; to stand in the way; to obstruct; to occupy; to fill up
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
dead end; cul-de-sac; blind alley; end; end of the road; end point
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
beyond that point; after that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
scenery; scene; landscape
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
household (electrical) appliances; home appliances; consumer electronics
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
all companies; each company
(being in) the red; deficit; red letter; red writing; corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red
including a sum of money in one's calculations; appropriation (a sum of money)
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
low (level, value, price, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
offensive (movement); aggression
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
street corner; road turn; bend in the road; turning point; watershed