indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
seventh day of the month; seven days
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
nail; spike; tack; rivet; brad; (pachinko) pin
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress