president (of a country); big man; boss; buddy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Northern Territories (administered by Russia, claimed by Japan); Southern Kuril Islands
about; on; regarding; per; for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to state; to express; to say; to tell; to mention
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
consideration; examination; investigation; study; scrutiny; discussion
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
to go wrong; to go awry; to go off track; to go out of whack
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
how; in what way; how about
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to say; to speak; to tell; to be called
meaning; significance; sense
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
weir; bonds; fetters; ties of obligation
to remove; to deinstall; to take away; to set apart
large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that