I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
as you were; return to your original position!; er, rather
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairman; presenter; host
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
per person; per capita; per head
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
story; tale; talk; discussion
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
all present; all concerned; all of us
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
honorific/polite/humble prefix
online shopping; e-commerce; mail order
company; corporation; workplace
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
person in charge (including a supervisory role for other staff); person responsible for ...; responsible party; supervisor; manager
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
childbirth; (giving) birth; delivery; production (of goods)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
first meeting; first interview with
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you