what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to change places (with); to be replaced (with, by); to be changed; to change (seats, shifts, etc.; with someone); to switch; to exchange
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
stiff shoulders (usu. owing to age); frozen shoulder
disinheritance; disowning
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
suffix for familiar person
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
tea drinking; teahouse; tearoom; coffee lounge
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
wakame (species of edible brown seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise