only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
memories; recollections; reminiscence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
disclosure; exposure; revelation
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
horn; alarm; whistle; foghorn
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ignoring a traffic light; red-light violation; running a red light; jaywalking
licence; license; permit; certificate (of qualification)
presentation (of a passport, ID, etc.); showing; production (e.g. of documents); presentation (of a plan, response, etc.); bringing up; citing (an example)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
newcomer; initiate; rookie
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!